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Scouting Lingo Phuture Phillies

The world of baseball scouting seems to have its own language, and while some of the terms are fairly obvious, some of them are less obvious. So this page will attempt to define some of the less obvious terms. Ceiling/Floor – A common scouting term used to describe a player’s upside at his peak and the bottom level of expected performance. Theoretically, the ceiling of any player is “one of the best in the game” and the floor is “out of baseball”, but used more practically, the ceiling/floor are used as realistic best case and worst case scenarios.

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Example: “His ceiling is a #2 starter, but if he doesn’t develop his changeup, his floor is a solid middle reliever” Projection – When scouts talk about projection, they are doing just what it sounds like; projecting what they believe a player will turn into. This can be used in both the skill as well as the physical application. A pitcher who is, say, 6’5 and very skinny at age 17 has the chance to add 20-30 pounds of muscle and basically fill out a perfect frame for a power pitcher.

Conversely, a short and squat player lacks projection, because he is physically mature already. Projection is difficult, because different people mature physically at different rates, and some tall kids never actually do fill out. From a skill perspective, if a player is very athletic, but his baseball skills are raw, you can project his skills to improve with repetition and instruction.

Raw – This is a word you will often hear associated with a player just drafted/signed, or a very young prospect. It essentially means that the player is athletic, or “toolsy” (a word I’m trying to not use anymore) and that his athletic ability far surpasses his actual baseball skills at the moment. Hit for average, hit for power, speed, defense, throwing arm Pitchers are evaluated differently, obviously. The 20-80 Scale – This is the gold standard for prospect evaluation. The main focuses for a pitcher Arm strength, quality of fastball (movement and velocity), secondary pitches, mechanics/composure/pitchability/long term health. The latter category is tough to give a number grade to. 80 = plus-plus ( ) or elite: These grades are rarely used.

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Examples include: Stephen Strasburg’s fastball, Mike Stanton’s power, Carl Crawford’s speed 70 = well above average: This is MLB all star level. Not quite the best of the best, but pretty consistently close. 40 = below average: The tool is not consistently an average offering 30 = well below average: This is a glaring weakness in a player’s game 20 = poor: One of the worst in baseball: Examples include Bengie Molina’s speed, Juan Pierre’s power, and Mark Reynolds’ ability to make contact 3 Slash Line – The common reference to a player’s batting average/on base percentage/slugging percentage batting line. 60 = above average ( ): You’d consider this a strength of the player, but he’s not the best or one of the very best. Contact Rate – A hitter’s ability to make contact with the ball….obviously. To go deeper, strikeouts as a percentage total plate appearances minus (BB HBP).

Defensive Spectrum – A concept I talk about frequently, the defensive spectrum is a way of assigning value (as well as difficulty) to the positions on the field. The generally accepted spectrum is, from toughest to easiest Catcher DH (duh) A graphical representation of the defensive spectrum can be found here.   The arrows indicate the most common movement between positions.  

Plate Discipline – The ability to swing at pitches in the strikezone and ignore pitches out of the zone. Measured most commonly by BB%, that is, the percentage of plate appearances which end in a walk.

Raw Power v Present Power – Inexperienced or raw hitters could possess excellent power in batting practice, but not be able to translate that power to live pitching. A player with big raw power, but very few extra base hits could have other factors limiting him from translating his power to game situations. Trigger – Also called a timing mechanism, its the little piece of movement a hitter does right before he starts his swing.

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Common triggers include a toe tap or cocking the hands. Excessive movement pre-swing can lead to timing issues, but removing them all together could cause a player to lose his rhythm and get out of sync. Arm Slot – A pitcher’s arm slot is the angle at which his arm comes forward when releasing the ball. Arm slot is important because it normally determines how much (or how little) movement a pitcher will generate on his fastball, and also influences the type of offspeed pitches he will be able to successfully throw. These guys drop their arm and practically scrape the ground. Of course, these 4 slots are the basic guide, there are lots of variations. There are four main classifications for arm slot, and they are Overhand: Just what it sounds like. The pitcher’s arm comes from a near 90 degree angle. Three quarters (3/4): The most common arm slot, this is a half way point between side arm and over the top. You will often hear “high three-quarters”, which simply means between 3/4 and over the top. The pitcher’s arm swings almost straight over the top. Low three-quarters would obviously be between sidearm and three-quarters. Pitchers with lower arm slots are generally able to achieve much more horizontal movement on their fastball.

Lower arm slots also make it more difficult to throw a curveball, because of the need to snap the wrist, and the difficulty of doing it from that angle, making the slider more common from a lower slot. A changeup can be thrown from any arm slot, as it is held very similarly to a fastball.